On Monday, the Austrian advocacy group NOYB lodged a complaint against the social media platform X, accusing the company, owned by Elon Musk, of using users’ personal data to train its artificial intelligence (AI) without their consent, thereby violating EU privacy laws. Led by privacy advocate Max Schrems, the group filed General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) complaints with authorities across nine European Union countries to increase pressure on Ireland’s Data Protection Commission (DPC).

The DPC, which serves as the leading EU regulator for most major U.S. internet companies due to their European operations being based in Ireland, is seeking an order to halt or limit X’s use of user data for the development, training, or refinement of its AI systems. Last week, an Irish court was informed that X has agreed to pause the use of personal data from EU users for AI training until users have had the chance to withdraw their consent.

However, NOYB emphasized that the DPC’s complaint focuses primarily on mitigation efforts and a lack of cooperation from X, rather than questioning the legality of the data processing itself. Schrems stated that their goal is to ensure that Twitter (now X) fully complies with EU law, which requires obtaining user consent for such data use. An Irish court found last week that X only allowed users to object several weeks after data collection had begun.

X did not immediately respond to requests for comment on Monday. However, last Friday, the X Global Government Affairs account stated that the company would continue to collaborate with the DPC on AI-related issues. In June, Meta, the parent company of Facebook, announced it would delay the launch of its AI assistant in Europe following instructions from the Irish DPC. NOYB has also filed complaints in multiple countries regarding the use of personal data for AI training in this case.